Introduction

MongoDB provides a variety of design patterns to help you model data efficiently for real-world use cases. Below are 12 key patterns every developer should know, each illustrated with practical examples.

1. Attribute Pattern

Scenario:

An online store has multiple product categories, such as smartphones, laptops, and clothing. Each category contains items with a wide range of attributes. For example:

• Smartphones: screen size, battery capacity, camera resolution, etc.
• Laptops: processor type, RAM size, storage type, etc.
• Clothing: size, color, material, etc.

Due to the variability and unpredictability of these attributes, using a rigid schema is inefficient.