Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction
  • Why concurrency and parallelism matter
  • Key differences between concurrency and parallelism
• 2. Concurrency in Golang
  • Goroutines
  • Channels
  • Example code
• 3. Concurrency in Python
  • Threads
  • Asyncio: Concurrency for IO-bound Work
  • Example code
• 4. Parallelism in Golang
  • Go Scheduler: The G-M-P Model
  • Example code
• 5. Parallelism in Python
  • The GIL and Its Impact
  • Multiprocessing for Real Parallelism
  • Example code
• 6. Conclustion

1. Introduction

- Why concurrency and parallelism matter:

Modern software isn’t just about doing one thing at a time. From high-traffic web servers and real-time analytics, to background processing and automation, today’s applications often need to handle multiple tasks “at once.” Whether it’s serving thousands of user requests, processing large datasets, or running background jobs, your program’s ability to efficiently juggle several operations can be the difference between fast, scalable software and a sluggish, unresponsive system.

Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction
  • Why understanding networking is crucial for backend developers
  • Short comparison of TCP and UDP
• 2. Deep Dive into TCP
  • 2.1. When to Use TCP?
  • 2.2. TCP Handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
  • 2.3. Error Handling & Retransmission
  • 2.4. Advantages & Limitations of TCP
  • 2.5. TCP Code Examples in Golang
• 3. Deep Dive into UDP
  • 3.1. When to Use UDP?
  • 3.2. Stateless Communication and Speed
  • 3.3. Why UDP Doesn’t Guarantee Delivery
  • 3.4. Advantages & Limitations of UDP
  • 3.5. UDP Code Examples in Golang
• 4. Advanced Topics
  • 4.1. Concurrent TCP and UDP Servers Using Goroutines
  • 4.2. Implementing Protocol Buffers or JSON Data Serialization with TCP/UDP
  • 4.3. Handling Scalability and Performance Tuning
• 5. Best Practices & Common Pitfalls
  • 5.1. Resource Management and Avoiding Memory Leaks
  • 5.2. Handling Network Errors Gracefully
  • 5.3. Security Considerations in Networking
• 6. Conclusion
  • Summary of Key Learnings
  • Guidance for Choosing TCP vs UDP

1. Introduction

- Why understanding networking is crucial for backend developers

In today’s connected world, backend developers are expected to build reliable, scalable, and high-performance systems. Whether you’re designing REST APIs, microservices, real-time chat apps, or distributed systems, a solid understanding of computer networking is essential. Knowing how data is transmitted, how connections are established, and what trade-offs exist between reliability and speed empowers you to make better architectural decisions and debug network issues effectively.